Case file · Non-fiction & research literature
Bogoras records Chukchi shamans' 'separate voices'
On the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vladimir Bogoras recorded Chukchi séances in dark tents where spirit voices seemed to come from all sides.
1901 CE · 64.68, 170.42 · status: account
The account
His monograph The Chukchee describes 'soft men' (gender-transformed shamans), spirit helpers and ventriloquism, and remains the main source on Chukchi religion.
The sceptical view
Bogoras himself attributed the voices to skilled ventriloquism.