Case file · Apparition / miracle
Saint James at Clavijo
Saint James on a white horse supposedly led Christians to victory at the Battle of Clavijo (844); the story appears in a document forged around 1150, the 'Diploma of Ramiro'.
1150 CE · 42.35, -2.43 · status: legend
The sceptical view
Historians doubt the battle took place; the forged charter justified a tax paid to the church of Santiago.