Case file · Sighting

Khartoum sky object

In January 2018 a bright object over Khartoum puzzled Sudan's military, which said it could not identify it and suggested a satellite.

2018 CE · 15.50, 32.56 · status: disputed

The account

A Sudanese scientist proposed the failed secret US satellite Zuma, launched days earlier. Videos spread widely on Arab social media.

The sceptical view

Re-entering hardware or a rocket's fuel dump is the most likely explanation.

The researched reading

Almost certainly the Zuma mission’s rocket stage dumping fuel over East Africa, a spectacle that often triggers UFO reports.

ExplanationWeightWhy
Something known, misidentified50%The Falcon 9 upper stage from the Zuma launch made its de-orbit burn and fuel dump over East Africa around 8 January 2018. Satellite trackers matched the timing to photos of a bright, spreading light near Khartoum.
Undetermined30%The share a generic explanation had beyond what has been shown for this case: it fits many cases like this one, but has not been demonstrated for this one.
A known natural phenomenon5%A bright fireball is possible, but fuel-dump clouds look and behave differently from meteors.
Secret human technology5%Zuma was a secret payload, so the event involved classified hardware, though seen in an ordinary way.
Perception, memory or mind3%Unfamiliar rocket-plume shapes are often described as craft.
A hoax or fabrication3%Some videos shared on social media may have been from other events.
A poorly understood natural phenomenon2%Not needed.
Genuinely anomalous2%A strong timing match to a rocket stage exists.

Official position: Sudan’s military said it could not identify the object and suggested a satellite.

Sources

  1. Wikipedia: UFO sightings in Africa
  2. Fuel dump of Zuma’s Falcon 9 upper stage (SatTrackCam Leiden, 2018)
  3. Zuma (satellite) (Wikipedia)
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