God · Greek

Zeus

Zeus, a god of the Greek world, and the gods ancient sources said were the same.

Tradition: greek

Documented identifications

Link	Who said so	Note
identified as Amun	Herodotus, Histories 2.42, c. 430 BCE	Herodotus says plainly that Amun is the Egyptian name for Zeus, and explains the ram-headed images of Theban Zeus.
identified as Serapis	Graeco-Roman cult of Serapis, 3rd c. BCE onward	Serapis was sculpted as a bearded, enthroned king in the image of Zeus, and ancient writers linked the two.
identified as Marduk	Herodotus, Histories 1.181, c. 430 BCE	The great ziggurat precinct of Babylon is for Herodotus the sacred enclosure of Zeus Belus, that is, Bel Marduk.
identified as Adad (Ishkur)	Hellenistic and Roman Syria	Hadad was equated with Zeus, with Jupiter (as Jupiter Dolichenus), and with Babylonian Bel.
identified as Baalshamin	Philo of Byblos (Eusebius, Praep. Ev. 1.10); Nabataean Greek texts, 1st-2nd c. CE	Philo says the Phoenician "lord of heaven", Beelsamen, is Zeus in Greek; Nabataean texts call him Zeus Helios.
identified as Sabazius	Hellenistic inscriptions of Asia Minor	The Phrygian horseman god appears in inscriptions as Zeus Sabazios.
identified as Ahura Mazda	Herodotus 1.131; Nemrut Dag monument of Antiochus I, 62 BCE	Herodotus says the Persians call the whole circle of heaven Zeus; at Nemrut the statue is Zeus-Oromasdes.
identified as Papaios	Herodotus, Histories 4.59, c. 430 BCE	The Scythians call Zeus Papaios, "most rightly so called" says Herodotus, as the All-Father.
shares descent with Dyaus Pita	Proto-Indo-European *Dyeus ph2ter, sky father	Zeus Pater and Vedic Dyaus Pita continue the same sky-father formula.
shares descent with Jupiter	Proto-Indo-European *Dyeus; also identified by the Romans	Zeus and Jupiter descend from one sky father, and the Romans identified them outright.
identified as Tinia	Etruscan religion, Archaic period	The Etruscan sky god Tinia was compared with Zeus, though never wholly conflated with him.

Sources

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